{"id":790,"date":"2021-08-19T15:24:15","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T09:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/?p=790"},"modified":"2025-03-05T12:01:57","modified_gmt":"2025-03-05T06:31:57","slug":"what-are-vitamins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/what-are-vitamins\/","title":{"rendered":"What are vitamins?"},"content":{"rendered":"

What are vitamins?<\/h2>\n

In any respect, what are nutrients that organisms no longer have in enough quantities, and consequently ought to be(vitamins, molecules) acquired through the diet? Vitamin C<\/a> may be synthesized through a few species; however, it is no longer synthesized through others; it isn’t a n<\/a>utrient in the first example, however, it is a nutrient in the second. The term nutrition now no longer encompasses the 3 different corporations of important vitamins: minerals, essential fatty acids<\/a>, and essential amino acids<\/a>. Most nutrients aren’t unmarried molecules; however, compounds of associated molecules are called vitamers. For example, there are 8 vitamins of nutrition E: four tocopherols\u00a0and four\u00a0tocotrienols\u2014some assets list fourteen nutrients, including choline.<\/p>\n

\"organic<\/a>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0organic vitamins<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Still, major fitness businesses listing thirteen: nutrition A (as all-trans-retinol,\u00a0all-trans-retinyl-esters, in addition to all-trans-beta-carotene and some other\u00a0provitamin\u00a0A carotenoids), nutrition B1 (thiamine), nutrition B2 (riboflavin), nutrition B3 (niacin), nutrition B5 (pantothenic acid), nutrition B6 (pyridoxine), nutrition B7 (biotin), nutrition B9 (folic acid or folate), nutrition B12 (cobalamins), nutrition C (ascorbic acid), nutrition D (calciferol), nutrition E (tocopherols\u00a0and\u00a0tocotrienols), and nutrition K (phylloquinone\u00a0and\u00a0menaquinones). Vitamins and supply Vitamins have various biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of molecular and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D presents a hormone-like feature, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and different organs.<\/p>\n

The B complicated nutrients feature as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them. Vitamins C and E feature as antioxidants. Both poor and excessive nutrition consumption can probably cause clinically extensive illness, even though extra consumption of water-soluble nutrients is much less likely to do so. Before 1935, the simplest supply of nutrients became meals.[citation needed]<\/a> If consumption of nutrients became lacking, the result became nutrition deficiency and consequent deficiency diseases. Then, commercially produced capsules of yeast-extract nutrition B complicated and semi-artificial nutrition C have become available.<\/p>\n

\"molecular<\/a>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Natural vitamins<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

This became observed within the Nineteen Fifties through mass manufacturing, advertising, and marketing nutrition supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent nutrition deficiencies in the general population. Governments have mandated including a few nutrients to staple foods, including flour or milk, mentioned as meal fortification to save you from deficiencies. Recommendations for folic acid supplementation during pregnancy decreased the hazard of infant neural tube defects. The term nutrition is derived from the word nutrition, coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk, who identified a group of micronutrients important to life, which he presumed to be amines. When this presumption became later decided no longer to be true, the “e” became dropped from the name. All nutrients have been discovered (identified) between 1913 and 1948.<\/p>\n

A\u00a0vitamin\u00a0is an\u00a0organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e.,\u00a0vitamers) that is an\u00a0essential micronutrient\u00a0which an\u00a0organism\u00a0needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its\u00a0metabolism. Essential nutrients cannot be\u00a0synthesized\u00a0in the organism, either at all or not in sufficient quantities, and therefore must be obtained through the\u00a0diet.\u00a0Vitamin C\u00a0can be synthesized by some species but not by others; it is not a vitamin in the first instance but is in the second. The term\u00a0vitamin\u00a0does not include the three other groups of\u00a0essential nutrients:\u00a0minerals,\u00a0essential fatty acids, and\u00a0essential amino acids<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Most vitamins are not single molecules but groups of related molecules called vitamers. For example, there are eight vitamers of\u00a0vitamin E: four\u00a0tocopherols\u00a0and four\u00a0tocotrienols. Some sources list fourteen vitamins, including choline. Still, major health organizations list thirteen: vitamin A\u00a0(as all-trans-retinol, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-beta-carotene and another provitamin\u00a0A carotenoids), vitamin B1\u00a0(thiamine), vitamin B2\u00a0(riboflavin), vitamin B3\u00a0(niacin), vitamin B5\u00a0(pantothenic acid), vitamin B6\u00a0(pyridoxine), vitamin B7\u00a0(biotin), vitamin B9\u00a0(folic acid\u00a0or\u00a0folate), vitamin B12\u00a0(cobalamins), vitamin C (ascorbic acid),\u00a0vitamin D\u00a0(calciferol),\u00a0vitamin E\u00a0(tocopherols\u00a0and\u00a0tocotrienols), and\u00a0vitamin K\u00a0(phylloquinone\u00a0and\u00a0menaquinones). Vitamins and source<\/p>\n

\"affect<\/a>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Healthy\u00a0 vitamins<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs. The\u00a0B complex<\/a>\u00a0vitamins function as enzyme\u00a0cofactors\u00a0<\/a>(coenzymes) or the\u00a0precursors\u00a0<\/a>for them. Vitamins C and E function as\u00a0antioxidants<\/a>. Both deficient and excess intake of a vitamin can potentially cause clinically significant illness, although excess intake of water-soluble vitamins is less likely to do so.<\/p>\n

Before 1935, the only source of vitamins was food.[citation needed]\u00a0If intake of vitamins was lacking, the result was vitamin deficiency and consequent deficiency diseases. Then, commercially produced tablets of yeast-extract vitamin B complex and semi-synthetic vitamin C became available.[citation needed]\u00a0This was followed in the 1950s by the mass production and marketing of\u00a0vitamin supplements, including multivitamins, to prevent vitamin deficiencies in the general population. Governments have mandated adding some vitamins to staple foods such as flour or milk, referred to as\u00a0food fortification, to prevent deficiencies. Recommendations for folic acid supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk of infant neural tube defects.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Casimir Funk<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The term\u00a0vitamin\u00a0is derived from the word\u00a0vitamin, coined in 1912 by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk<\/a>, who isolated a complex of micronutrients essential to life, all of which he presumed to be\u00a0amines<\/a>. When this presumption was later determined not to be true, the “e” was dropped from the name. All vitamins were discovered (identified) between 1913 and 1948.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

List<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n

Classification<\/span><\/h2>\n

Vitamins are classified as either\u00a0water-soluble or\u00a0fat-soluble. In humans, there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. <\/sup>Because they are not as readily stored, more consistent intake is important. <\/sup>\u00a0Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the\u00a0intestinal tract\u00a0with the help of\u00a0lipids\u00a0(fats). Vitamins A and D can accumulate in the body, which can result in dangerous\u00a0hypervitaminosis. Fat-soluble vitamin deficiency due to malabsorption is of particular significance in\u00a0cystic fibrosis.<\/sup><\/p>\n

Anti-vitamins<\/span><\/h2>\n
Antinutrient<\/div>\n

Anti-vitamins are chemical compounds that inhibit the absorption or actions of vitamins. For example,\u00a0avidin\u00a0is a protein in raw egg whites that inhibits the absorption of\u00a0biotin; it is deactivated by cooking. Pyrithiamine, a synthetic compound, has a molecular structure similar to thiamine,\u00a0vitamin B1<\/sub>, and inhibits the\u00a0enzymes\u00a0that use thiamine.<\/sup><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/category\/nutrioin-in-disease\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What are vitamins? In any respect, what are nutrients that organisms no longer have in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,27],"tags":[1748,1747,715],"class_list":["post-790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle-medicine","category-nutrioin-in-disease","tag-kinds_of_vitamis","tag-what_are_vitamins","tag-vitamins"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-trang-doan-1128678-1.jpg?fit=2305%2C1537&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=790"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8583,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/790\/revisions\/8583"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

Vitamin<\/th>\nVitamers\u00a0(incomplete)<\/th>\nSolubility<\/th>\nThe US recommended dietary allowances
\n(male\/female, age 19\u201370)<\/sup><\/th>\n		Deficiency disease(s),<\/th>\nOverdose syndrome\/symptoms, Food<\/th>\nd sources<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Vitamin A<\/th>\nall-trans<\/i>-Retinol,\u00a0Retinals, and
\nalternative\u00a0provitamin\u00a0A-functioning\u00a0Carotenoids
\nincluding all-trans<\/i>-beta-carotene<\/td>\n		Fat<\/td>\n900\u00a0\u00b5g\/700\u00a0\u00b5g<\/td>\nNight blindness,\u00a0hyperkeratosis, and\u00a0keratomalacia<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\nHypervitaminosis A<\/a><\/td>\nfrom the animal origin as Vitamin A \/ all-trans<\/i>-Retinol: Fish in general, liver and dairy products; from plant origin as provitamin A \/ all-trans<\/i>-beta-carotene: orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables, carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B1<\/sub><\/th>\nThiamine<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n1.2\u00a0mg\/1.1\u00a0mg<\/td>\nBeriberi,\u00a0Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome<\/td>\nDrowsiness and muscle relaxation[14]<\/sup><\/td>\nPork, wholemeal grains, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B2<\/sub><\/th>\nRiboflavin<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n1.3\u00a0mg\/1.1\u00a0mg<\/td>\nAriboflavinosis,\u00a0glossitis,\u00a0angular stomatitis<\/td>\n<\/td>\nDairy products, bananas, green beans, asparagus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B3<\/sub><\/th>\nNiacin,\u00a0Niacinamide,\u00a0Nicotinamide riboside<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n16\u00a0mg\/14\u00a0mg<\/td>\nPellagra<\/td>\nLiver<\/a>\u00a0damage (doses > 2g\/day)[15]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and\u00a0other problems<\/a><\/td>\nMeat, fish, eggs, many vegetables, mushrooms, tree nuts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B5<\/sub><\/th>\nPantothenic acid<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n5\u00a0mg\/5\u00a0mg<\/td>\nParesthesia<\/td>\nDiarrhea, possibly nausea, and heartburn.[16]<\/sup><\/td>\nMeat, broccoli, avocados<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B6<\/sub><\/th>\nPyridoxine,\u00a0Pyridoxamine,\u00a0Pyridoxal<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n1.3\u20131.7\u00a0mg\/1.2\u20131.5\u00a0mg<\/td>\nAnemia,<\/sup>\u00a0Peripheral neuropathy<\/td>\nImpairment of\u00a0proprioception, nerve damage (doses > 100\u00a0mg\/day)<\/td>\nMeat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B7<\/sub><\/th>\nBiotin<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\nAI: 30\u00a0\u00b5g\/30\u00a0\u00b5g<\/td>\nDermatitis,\u00a0enteritis<\/td>\n<\/td>\nRaw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, leafy green vegetables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B9<\/sub><\/th>\nFolates,\u00a0Folic acid<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n400\u00a0\u00b5g\/400\u00a0\u00b5g<\/td>\nMegaloblastic anemia and deficiency during pregnancy are associated with congenital disabilities, such as\u00a0neural tube<\/a> defects.<\/td>\nMay mask symptoms of vitamin B12<\/sub>\u00a0deficiency;\u00a0other effects<\/a>.<\/td>\nLeafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin B12<\/sub><\/th>\nCyanocobalamin,\u00a0Hydroxocobalamin,\u00a0Methylcobalamin,\u00a0Adenosylcobalamin<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n2.4\u00a0\u00b5g\/2.4\u00a0\u00b5g<\/td>\nVitamin B12<\/sub>\u00a0deficiency anemia<\/sup><\/td>\nNone proven<\/td>\nMeat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin C<\/th>\nAscorbic acid<\/td>\nWater<\/td>\n90\u00a0mg\/75\u00a0mg<\/td>\nScurvy<\/td>\nStomach Pain, Diarrhoea and Flatulence.[19]<\/sup><\/td>\nMany fruits and vegetables, liver<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin D<\/th>\nCholecalciferol\u00a0(D3),\u00a0Ergocalciferol\u00a0(D2)<\/td>\nFat<\/td>\n15\u00a0\u00b5g\/15\u00a0\u00b5g<\/td>\nRickets\u00a0and\u00a0osteomalacia<\/a><\/td>\nHypervitaminosis D<\/a><\/td>\nEggs, liver, certain fish species such as\u00a0sardines<\/a>, certain mushroom species such as\u00a0shiitake<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin E<\/th>\nTocopherols,\u00a0Tocotrienols<\/td>\nFat<\/td>\n15\u00a0mg\/15\u00a0mg<\/td>\nDeficiency is very rare; mild\u00a0hemolytic anemia\u00a0in newborn infants<\/sup><\/td>\nPossible increased incidence of congestive heart failure.[21]<\/sup>[22]<\/sup><\/td>\nMany fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, and seed oils<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vitamin K<\/th>\nPhylloquinone,\u00a0Menaquinones<\/td>\nFat<\/td>\nAI: 110\u00a0\u00b5g\/120\u00a0\u00b5g<\/td>\nBleeding diathesis<\/a><\/td>\nDecreased anticoagulation effect of\u00a0warfarin<\/a>.[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\nLeafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg yolks, and liver<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n