{"id":800,"date":"2021-07-17T07:23:36","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T01:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/?p=800"},"modified":"2025-03-19T19:28:03","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T13:58:03","slug":"complications-of-pregnancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/complications-of-pregnancy\/","title":{"rendered":"Complications of pregnancy ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><b>Complications of pregnancy<\/b><\/h1>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1880\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1880\" style=\"width: 374px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1880\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658.jpg?resize=374%2C249&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"COMPLICATED PREGNANCY\" width=\"374\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-pavel-danilyuk-7055658-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 374px) 100vw, 374px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1880\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">COMPLICATED PREGNANCY<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b>Complications of pregnancy<\/b>\u00a0are health problems that are related to\u00a0pregnancy. Complications that occur primarily during\u00a0childbirth\u00a0are termed\u00a0obstetric labor complications, and problems that occur primarily after childbirth are termed\u00a0puerperal disorders. Severe pregnancy complications, childbirth, and puerperium are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US a<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>nd 1.5% of mothers in Canada.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0In the immediate\u00a0postpartum period (puerperium), 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem.<sup id=\"cite_ref-pmid12051189_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Long-term health problems (persisting after six months postpartum) are reported by 31% of women.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Borders_2006_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In 2016, complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium\u00a0resulted globally in 230,600 deaths, down from 377,000 deaths in 1990. The most common causes of maternal mortality are\u00a0maternal bleeding,\u00a0postpartum infections\u00a0including maternal sepsis,\u00a0hypertensive diseases of pregnancy,\u00a0obstructed labor, and\u00a0pregnancy with the abortive outcome, including <a title=\"Miscarriage\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Miscarriage\">miscarriage<\/a>,\u00a0<a title=\"Ectopic pregnancy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ectopic_pregnancy\">ectopic pregnancy<\/a>, and\u00a0elective abortion.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-800-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-yan-krukov-7155057.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-yan-krukov-7155057.mp4\">https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-yan-krukov-7155057.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-6\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>There is no clear distinction between the complications of pregnancy and symptomsthe and discomforts of pregnancy. However, the latter does not significantly interfere with <a title=\"Activities of daily living\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Activities_of_daily_living\">activities of daily living<\/a>\u00a0or pose any significant threat to the health of the mother or baby. Still, in some cases, the same basic feature can manifest as either a discomfort or a complication depending on the severity. For example, mild\u00a0<a title=\"Nausea\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nausea\">nausea<\/a>\u00a0may merely be a discomfort (<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morning_sickness\">morning sickness<\/a>), but if severe and with vomiting causing\u00a0water-electrolyte imbalance,\u00a0it can be classified as a pregnancy complication (hyperemesis gravidarum<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"headline-36-187\" class=\"ct-headline headingUnderlineBlueSide\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hellobreeze.com.au\/tips-for-improving-ventilation-in-your-home\/?msID=2ac1cb3e-f9fb-4ca3-8c38-d8e291b34986\"><span id=\"span-43-187\" class=\"ct-span\">Related:7 Tips for Improving Ventilation in Your Home<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6dl1kfwQo8\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/hellobreeze.com.au\/tips-for-improving-ventilation-in-your-home\/\">7 Tips for Improving Ventilation in Your Home<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;7 Tips for Improving Ventilation in Your Home&#8221; &#8212; HelloBreeze\" src=\"https:\/\/hellobreeze.com.au\/tips-for-improving-ventilation-in-your-home\/embed\/#?secret=OjGCpTBMXF#?secret=6dl1kfwQo8\" data-secret=\"6dl1kfwQo8\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Maternal_problems\" class=\"mw-headline\">Maternal problems<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The following problems originate mainly in the mother.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Gestational_diabetes\" class=\"mw-headline\">Gestational diabetes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a title=\"Gestational diabetes\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gestational_diabetes\">Gestational diabetes<\/a>\u00a0is when a woman without\u00a0diabetes\u00a0develops\u00a0high blood sugar\u00a0levels during\u00a0pregnancy.<sup id=\"cite_ref-womenshealth.gov_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Hyperemesis_gravidarum\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1868 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1.jpg?resize=357%2C238&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/pexels-photomix-company-1001897-1-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px\" \/><\/a>Hyperemesis gravidarum<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a title=\"Hyperemesis gravidarum\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyperemesis_gravidarum\">Hyperemesis gravidarum<\/a>\u00a0is the presence of severe and persistent vomiting, causing dehydration and weight loss. It is more severe than the more common\u00a0morning sickness and affects 0.5\u20132.0% of pregnant women.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-Emergency_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Goodwin2008_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><span id=\"Pelvic_girdle_pain\" class=\"mw-headline\">Pelvic girdle pain<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Caused by<\/i>:\u00a0Pelvic girdle pain\u00a0(PGP) disorder is\u00a0pain caused by instability and limitation of mobility and functioning in any three pelvic joints. PGP can begin\u00a0peri or postpartum. PGP resolves in the weeks after delivery for most pregnant individuals, but for some, it can last for years, resulting in a reduced tolerance for weight-bearing activities. PGP affects around 45% of individuals during pregnancy: 25% report serious pain and 8% are severely disabled.<sup id=\"cite_ref-10\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><i>Treatment<\/i>: The treatment modality is based on the severity. A mild case would require rest and rehabilitation therapy, and pain is usually manageable. More severe cases would also include mobility aids, strong <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Analgesics\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analgesics\">analgesics<\/a>, and sometimes surgery. One of the main factors in helping women cope is education, information, and support. Many treatment options are available.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e570d02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e570d02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sinteredfilter.net\/where-does-our-drinking-water-actually-come-from-in-the-us\/\">Where Does Our Drinking Water Come From in the US?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"NrtrN49SeV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sinteredfilter.net\/where-does-our-drinking-water-actually-come-from-in-the-us\/\">Where Does Our Drinking Water Actually Come From in the US?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Where Does Our Drinking Water Actually Come From in the US?&#8221; &#8212; Sintered Metal Filter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sinteredfilter.net\/where-does-our-drinking-water-actually-come-from-in-the-us\/embed\/#?secret=4Kmp8lz5qX#?secret=NrtrN49SeV\" data-secret=\"NrtrN49SeV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"High_blood_pressure\" class=\"mw-headline\">High blood pressure<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Main article:\u00a0Hypertensive disease of pregnancy<\/div>\n<p>Potential severe hypertensive states of pregnancy are mainly:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Preeclampsia\u00a0\u2013 gestational hypertension,\u00a0proteinuria\u00a0(&gt;300\u00a0mg), and\u00a0edema. Severe preeclampsia involves a BP over 160\/110 (with additional signs). It affects 5\u20138% of pregnancies.<\/li>\n<li>Eclampsia \u2013 seizures in a pre-eclamptic patient affect around 1.4% of pregnancies.<sup id=\"cite_ref-12\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Gestational hypertension<\/li>\n<li>HELLP syndrome\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Hemolytic anemia, elevated\u00a0liver enzymes,\u00a0and a\u00a0low platelet count. Incidence is reported as 0.5\u20130.9% of all pregnancies.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Haram-2009_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Acute fatty liver during pregnancy\u00a0is sometimes included in the preeclamptic spectrum. It occurs in approximately one in 7,000 to one in 15,000 pregnancies.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Mjahed_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Reyes_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Venous_thromboembolism\" class=\"mw-headline\">Venous thromboembolism<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Deep vein thrombosis\u00a0(DVT), a form of\u00a0venous thromboembolism (VTE), has an incidence of 0.5 to 7 per 1,000 pregnancies and is the second most common cause of\u00a0maternal death\u00a0in developed countries after bleeding.<sup id=\"cite_ref-uppsala_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Caused by<\/i>:\u00a0<a title=\"Hypercoagulability in pregnancy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypercoagulability_in_pregnancy\">Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability<\/a>\u00a0as a physiological response in preparation for the potential bleeding during\u00a0childbirth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i>Treatment<\/i>: Prophylactic treatment, e.g., with low molecular weight heparin, may indicate\u00a0additional risk factors for deep vein thrombosis.<\/p>\n<p><sup id=\"cite_ref-uppsala_16-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><span id=\"Anemia\" class=\"mw-headline\">Anemia<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1893\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1893\" style=\"width: 453px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/HAEMOGLOBIN.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1893\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/HAEMOGLOBIN.jpg?resize=453%2C195&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"HAEMOGLOBIN\" width=\"453\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/HAEMOGLOBIN.jpg?resize=300%2C129&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/HAEMOGLOBIN.jpg?w=343&amp;ssl=1 343w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1893\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">HAEMOGLOBIN<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Levels of\u00a0<a title=\"Hemoglobin\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemoglobin\">hemoglobin<\/a> are lower in the third trimester. The <a title=\"United Nations\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\">United Nations<\/a> (UN) estimates that approximately half of pregnant individuals suffer from anemia worldwide. Anemia prevalences during pregnancy differed from 18% in developed countries to 75% in South Asia.<sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Treatment varies due to the severity of the anemia and can be used by increasing iron-containing foods, oral iron tablets, or using parenteral iron. i<sup id=\"cite_ref-womenshealth.gov_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><span id=\"Infection\" class=\"mw-headline\">nfection.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Susceptibility and severity of infections in pregnancy: Neonatal infection<\/div>\n<p>A pregnant woman is more susceptible to certain infections. An increased immune tolerance in pregnancy causes this increased risk to prevent an immune reaction against the fetus and secondary to\u00a0maternal physiological changes, including decreased\u00a0respiratory volumes\u00a0and\u00a0urinary stasis\u00a0due to an enlarging uterus.<sup id=\"cite_ref-KourtisRead2014_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Pregnant individuals are more severely affected by, for example,\u00a0influenza,\u00a0hepatitis E,\u00a0herpes simplex,\u00a0and\u00a0malaria.<sup id=\"cite_ref-KourtisRead2014_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0The evidence is more limited for\u00a0coccidioidomycosis,\u00a0measles,\u00a0smallpox, and\u00a0varicella.<sup id=\"cite_ref-KourtisRead2014_19-2\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0Mastitis\u00a0or inflammation of the breast occurs in 20% of lactating individuals.<sup id=\"cite_ref-20\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Some infections are\u00a0vertically transmissible, meaning that they can affect the child as well.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Peripartum_cardiomyopathy\" class=\"mw-headline\">Peripartum cardiomyopathy<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Peripartum cardiomyopathy decreases heart function in the last month of pregnancy or up to six months post-pregnancy. It increases the risk of congestive heart failure, heart\u00a0arrhythmias,\u00a0thromboembolism, and\u00a0cardiac arrest.<sup id=\"cite_ref-21\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Hypothyroidism\" class=\"mw-headline\">Hypothyroidism<\/span>:\u00a0Thyroid disease in women<\/h3>\n<p>Hypothyroidism (also called Hashimoto&#8217;s disease) is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid in pregnant individuals. This condition can have a profound effect during pregnancy and on the child. The infant may be seriously affected and have a variety of congenital disabilities. Many pregnant individuals with Hashimoto&#8217;s disease develop an underactive thyroid. The clinician will do an exam and order one or more tests.<sup id=\"cite_ref-NIH2017_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-ATA_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Fetal_and_placental_problems\" class=\"mw-headline\">Fetal and placental problems<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The following problems occur in the fetus or\u00a0<a title=\"Placenta\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Placenta\">placenta<\/a> but may have serious consequences for the mother.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Ectopic_pregnancy\" class=\"mw-headline\">Ectopic pregnancy<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of the embryo outside the uterus<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Caused by<\/i>: Unknown, but risk factors include\u00a0smoking, advanced maternal age, and prior surgery or trauma to the\u00a0fallopian tubes.<\/li>\n<li><i>Treatment:<\/i>\u00a0In most cases,\u00a0keyhole surgery must be carried out to remove the fetus, along with the fallopian tube. If the pregnancy is very early, it may resolve independently, or it can be treated with\u00a0methotrexate, an\u00a0abortifacient.<sup id=\"cite_ref-25\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Miscarriage\" class=\"mw-headline\">Miscarriage<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks.<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0In the UK, miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks.<sup id=\"cite_ref-27\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Placental_abruption\" class=\"mw-headline\">Placental abruption<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Placental abruption\u00a0is the separation of the placenta from the uterus.<sup id=\"cite_ref-womenshealth.gov_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Caused by<\/i>: Various causes, risk factors include maternal hypertension,\u00a0trauma, and drug use.<\/li>\n<li><i>Treatment<\/i>: Immediate\u00a0delivery if the fetus is mature (36 weeks or older) or if a younger fetus or the mother is in distress. In less severe cases with immature fetuses, the situation may be monitored in the hospital, with treatment if necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Placenta_praevia\" class=\"mw-headline\">Placenta praevia<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a title=\"Placenta praevia\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Placenta_praevia\">P<\/a>lacenta praevia is when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-womenshealth.gov_7-3\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><span id=\"Placenta_accreta\" class=\"mw-headline\">placenta accreta\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Placenta accreta\u00a0is an abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall.<sup id=\"cite_ref-28\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Multiple_pregnancies\" class=\"mw-headline\">Multiple pregnancies<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Multiple births<\/div>\n<div role=\"note\"><\/div>\n<p>Multiples may become\u00a0monochorionic, sharing the same\u00a0chorion, with a resultant risk of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. Monochorionic multiples may become monoamniotic, sharing the same\u00a0amniotic sac, resulting in umbilical cord compression\u00a0and\u00a0entanglement risk. In sporadic cases, there may be conjoined twin<a title=\"Conjoined twins\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conjoined_twins\">s<\/a>, possibly impairing the function of internal organs.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1891 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856.jpg?resize=302%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"302\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?resize=237%2C300&amp;ssl=1 237w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?resize=807%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 807w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C974&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?resize=1211%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1211w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?w=2018&amp;ssl=1 2018w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-ilzy-sousa-2316856-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Vertically_transmitted_infection\" class=\"mw-headline\">Vertically transmitted infection<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">\u00a0Vertically transmitted infection<\/div>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">\u00a0Neonatal infection<\/div>\n<p>The embryo and fetus have little or no\u00a0immune function. They depend on the immune function of their mother. Several\u00a0pathogens\u00a0can cross the\u00a0placenta\u00a0and cause (perinatal) infection. Often\u00a0microorganisms\u00a0that produce minor\u00a0illnesses in the mother are hazardous for the developing embryo or fetus. This can result in\u00a0spontaneous abortion\u00a0or major\u00a0developmental disorders. For many infections, the baby is more at risk at particular stages of pregnancy. Problems related to perinatal infection are not always directly noticeable.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1902\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1902\" style=\"width: 408px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/P1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1902\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/P1.jpg?resize=408%2C229&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"PLACENTA\" width=\"408\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/P1.jpg?resize=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/P1.jpg?w=625&amp;ssl=1 625w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 408px) 100vw, 408px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1902\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">PLACENTA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The term\u00a0TORCH complex\u00a0refers to a set of several different infections that may be caused by transplacental infection.<\/p>\n<p>Babies can also become infected by their mothers during birth. During birth, babies are exposed to maternal\u00a0blood\u00a0and\u00a0body fluids\u00a0without the\u00a0placental barrier intervening and the maternal genital tract. Because of this, blood-borne microorganisms (hepatitis B,\u00a0HIV), organisms associated with\u00a0sexually transmitted diseases\u00a0(e.g.,\u00a0gonorrhea\u00a0and\u00a0chlamydia), and normal\u00a0fauna\u00a0of the\u00a0genito-urinary tract\u00a0(e.g.,\u00a0Candida) are among those commonly seen in infection of newborns.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Intrauterine_bleeding\" class=\"mw-headline\">Intrauterine bleeding<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>There have been rare but known cases of intrauterine bleeding caused by the injury inflicted by the fetus with its fingernails or toenails.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"General_risk_factors\" class=\"mw-headline\">General risk factors<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Factors increasing the risk (to either the pregnant individual, the fetus\/es, or both) of pregnancy complications beyond the normal level of risk may be present in the pregnant individual&#8217;s medical profile before becoming pregnant or during the pregnancy.<sup id=\"cite_ref-30\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> These pre-existing factors may relate to the individual&#8217;s genetics, physical or mental health, environment, social issues, or a combination of those.<sup id=\"cite_ref-MMHE_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Biological\" class=\"mw-headline\">Biological<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Some common biological risk factors include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Age of either parent\n<ul>\n<li>Adolescent parents\n<ul>\n<li>Adolescent mothers are at an increased risk of developing certain complications, including preterm birth and\u00a0low infant birth weight.<sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Further information:\u00a0<a title=\"Teenage pregnancy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teenage_pregnancy#Medical_outcomes\">Teenage_pregnancy \u00a7\u00a0Medical_outcomes<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Older parents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>individuals are at an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth as they age. Complications for those 45 or older include increased risk of primary\u00a0Caesarean delivery (i.e., C-section).<sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<div role=\"note\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1909 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1.jpg?resize=324%2C383&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"324\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1-scaled.jpg?resize=254%2C300&amp;ssl=1 254w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1-scaled.jpg?resize=866%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 866w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C909&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1298%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1298w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1-scaled.jpg?resize=1731%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1731w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-alexander-krivitskiy-5323898-1-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Further information:\u00a0Paternal age,\u00a0Maternal age effect, and\u00a0Pregnancy over age 50<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Height: Pregnancy in individuals whose height is less than 1.5 meters (5\u00a0feet) correlates with higher incidences of\u00a0preterm birth\u00a0and\u00a0underweight babies. Also, these individuals are more likely to have a small\u00a0pelvis, resulting in such complications during childbirth as shoulder dystocia.<sup id=\"cite_ref-MMHE_31-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Weight\n<ul>\n<li>Low weight: individuals whose pre-pregnancy weight is less than 45.5 kilograms (100 pounds) are more likely to have\u00a0underweight babies.<\/li>\n<li>Obese\u00a0individuals are more likely to have\u00a0huge babies, potentially increasing difficulties in\u00a0childbirth. Obesity also increases the chances of developing\u00a0gestational diabetes,\u00a0high blood pressure,\u00a0preeclampsia, experiencing\u00a0post-term pregnancy,\u00a0and requiring a\u00a0cesarean\u00a0delivery.<sup id=\"cite_ref-MMHE_31-2\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pre-existing disease in pregnancy\u00a0or an acquired disease: A disease and condition not necessarily directly caused by the pregnancy, such as\u00a0diabetes mellitus in pregnancy,\u00a0lupus in pregnancy,\u00a0or\u00a0thyroid disease in pregnancy.<\/li>\n<li>Risks arising from previous pregnancies\n<ul>\n<li>Complications experienced during a previous pregnancy are more likely to recur.<sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-35\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Many previous pregnancies: individuals who have had five previous pregnancies face increased risks of very rapid labor and excessive bleeding after delivery.<\/li>\n<li>Multiple previous fetuses: individuals who have had more than one fetus in a previous pregnancy face an increased risk of the mislocated placenta.<sup id=\"cite_ref-MMHE_31-3\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Multiple pregnancies: Having more than one fetus in a single pregnancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Environmental\" class=\"mw-headline\">Environmental<\/span><a class=\"image\" style=\"font-size: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:810_women_die_every_day_from_preventable_causes_related_to_pregnancy_and_childbirth,_94%25_occur_in_low_and_lower_middle-income_countries.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/810_women_die_every_day_from_preventable_causes_related_to_pregnancy_and_childbirth%2C_94%25_occur_in_low_and_lower_middle-income_countries.png\/330px-810_women_die_every_day_from_preventable_causes_related_to_pregnancy_and_childbirth%2C_94%25_occur_in_low_and_lower_middle-income_countries.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/810_women_die_every_day_from_preventable_causes_related_to_pregnancy_and_childbirth%2C_94%25_occur_in_low_and_lower_middle-income_countries.png\/495px-810_women_die_every_day_from_preventable_causes_related_to_pregnancy_and_childbirth%2C_94%25_occur_in_low_and_lower_middle-income_countries.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/810_women_die_every_day_from_preventable_causes_related_to_pregnancy_and_childbirth%2C_94%25_occur_in_low_and_lower_middle-income_countries.png\/660px-810_women_die_every_day_from_preventable_causes_related_to_pregnancy_and_childbirth%2C_94%25_occur_in_low_and_lower_middle-income_countries.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"238\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"650\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>810 women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth; 94% occur in low and lower-middle-income countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1896 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894.jpg?resize=283%2C425&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"283\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?resize=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 683w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?resize=1365%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1365w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?w=1707&amp;ssl=1 1707w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-dayvison-de-oliveira-silva-5695894-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 283px) 100vw, 283px\" \/><\/a>Some common environmental risk factors include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exposure to\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Environmental toxins in pregnancy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Environmental_toxins_in_pregnancy\">environmental toxins in pregnancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Exposure to\u00a0recreational drugs in pregnancy\n<ul>\n<li>Ethanol\u00a0during pregnancy can cause\u00a0fetal alcohol syndrome and a\u00a0fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.<\/li>\n<li>Tobacco smoking and pregnancy, when combined, cause twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes,\u00a0placental abruption,\u00a0and\u00a0placenta previa.<sup id=\"cite_ref-CDC_preventing_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> Also, it causes a 30% higher odds of the baby being born prematurely.<\/li>\n<li>Prenatal cocaine exposure\u00a0is associated with, for example,\u00a0premature birth, congenital disabilities,\u00a0and\u00a0attention deficit disorder.<\/li>\n<li>Prenatal methamphetamine exposure can cause\u00a0premature birth\u00a0and\u00a0congenital abnormalities.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Fact_38-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> Other investigations have revealed short-term neonatal outcomes to include small deficits in infant neurobehavioral function and growth restriction compared to control infants.<sup id=\"cite_ref-Grotta_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> Also, prenatal methamphetamine use is believed to have long-term effects on brain development, which may last for many years. <sup id=\"cite_ref-Fact_38-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>Cannabis in pregnancy\u00a0is possibly associated with adverse effects on the child later in life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Ionizing radiation<sup id=\"cite_ref-40\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Social and\u00a0socioeconomic factors: Generally speaking, unmarried individuals and those in lower socioeconomic groups experience an increased level of risk in pregnancy, due at least in part to a lack of access to appropriate prenatal care.<\/li>\n<li>Unintended pregnancy: Unintended pregnancies preclude preconception care and delay prenatal care. They preclude other preventive care, disrupt life plans, and have worse health and psychological outcomes for the mother and, if birth occurs, the child.<sup id=\"cite_ref-HP2020FP_42-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/li>\n<li>Exposure to\u00a0pharmaceutical drugs in pregnancy: <sup id=\"cite_ref-MMHE_31-5\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>Anti-depressants, for example, may increase the risks of such outcomes as preterm delivery.<sup id=\"cite_ref-43\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Further information: The pregnancy\u00a0category<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"High-risk_pregnancy\" class=\"mw-headline\">High-risk pregnancy<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1892\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1892\" style=\"width: 353px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1892\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209.jpg?resize=353%2C235&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"HIGH RISK PREGNANCY\" width=\"353\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1892\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Main article:\u00a0<a title=\"High-risk pregnancy\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-risk_pregnancy\">High-risk pregnancy<\/a><\/div>\n<p>Some disorders and conditions can mean that pregnancy is considered high-risk (about 6-8% of pregnancies in the USA) and, in extreme cases, may be contraindicated. High-risk pregnancies are the main focus of doctors specializing in maternal-fetal medicine.<\/p>\n<p>Serious pre-existing disorders that can reduce a woman&#8217;s physical ability to survive pregnancy include a range of congenital disabilities\u00a0(that is, conditions with which the woman herself was born, for example, those of the\u00a0heart\u00a0or\u00a0reproductive organs, some of which are listed above) and diseases acquired at any time during the woman&#8217;s life.<\/p>\n<h3>Visit for more information.<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>List of complications of pregnancy<\/li>\n<li>List of obstetric topics<\/li>\n<li>Dermatoses of pregnancy<\/li>\n<li>Thyroid in pregnancy<\/li>\n<li>Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Water deficiency is more common during pregnancy than at other times. Most cases of water loss during pregnancy are mild, but severe water deficiency can be dangerous for both mother and child. The fetus places intense demands on the body and women who become pregnant need to consume extra nutrients.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Symptoms of water deficiency in pregnancy<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1908 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344.jpg?resize=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-polina-tankilevitch-3738344-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Usually, the first sign of water deficiency is feeling thirsty. People who feel thirsty after sweating, spending long periods in the summer, or staying for long periods without water are particularly likely to become dehydrated. Other symptoms of water deficiency include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Dry throat or mouth\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">\u00a0cracked lips<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Dry looking skin <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">frequent urination <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Dark-colored urine <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Feeling weak or tired<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Constipation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">Reasons for lack of water during pregnancy<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1890\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1890\" style=\"width: 303px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1890\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2.jpg?resize=303%2C379&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"WATER DURING PREGNANCY\" width=\"303\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?resize=240%2C300&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?resize=819%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 819w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C960&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1229%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1229w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1638%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1638w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C1280&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-arnie-watkins-3124674-2-scaled.jpg?w=1920&amp;ssl=1 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1890\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">WATER DURING PREGNANCY<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">\u00a01-Not drinking enough water<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Although nothing can be said about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/oss\/article\/health-nutrition\/water-myth\">how much water people should drink,<\/a> everyone&#8217;s needs are different. Pregnancy places additional demands on the body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\"> So women usually need to drink more water during pregnancy, those who is physically active or who live in a hot climate, She will sweat more and need more water. Individuals who abruptly change their activity level or move into warmer climates may require more water than they once had.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"tw-target-text-container\" class=\"tw-ta-container tw-lfl\">\n<h2 class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"hi\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0968-<\/span><span lang=\"en\">Not absorbing a sufficient amount of water <\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Certain medical conditions, especially those that cause vomiting and diarrhea, can make it difficult for the body to absorb the water it needs. Nausea and vomiting are more common during pregnancy than at other times. With hyperemesis gravidarum, which occurs in 3 percent of pregnancies, intense vomiting may be experienced, which causes weight loss and water loss.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">Loss due to lack of water during pregnancy<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\"><span lang=\"en\">A little water deficiency is not generally dangerous in pregnancy unless the woman quickly corrects the lack of water. Severe water deficiency can be dangerous for both mother and child. Lack of water can reduce amniotic fluid levels, which can affect the development of the baby and the production of breast milk. Lack of water can cause nutritional deficiencies, important for the pregnant woman&#8217;s health and the developing child.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">How to reduce water loss during pregnancy?<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Translation\">To prevent water shortages, consider increasing fluid intake, carrying a water bottle, or <a href=\"https:\/\/familydoctor.org\/hydration-why-its-so-important\/\">taking frequent water breaks<\/a>. Women who exercise in the hot summer or spend time outdoors should increase their fluid\u00a0 What reading what intake. Some foods may make people more likely to experience water scarcity, including caffeine-rich foods or water. It is necessary to drink lots of water while consuming these foods.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"KY4RH4ZBU5\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/what-is-gestational-diabetes-mellitus\/\">what is gestational diabetes mellitus?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;what is gestational diabetes mellitus?&#8221; &#8212; Diabetes Asia Health Magazine\" src=\"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/what-is-gestational-diabetes-mellitus\/embed\/#?secret=QwYtdj5eeM#?secret=KY4RH4ZBU5\" data-secret=\"KY4RH4ZBU5\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Complications of pregnancy Complications of pregnancy\u00a0are health problems that are related to\u00a0pregnancy. Complications that occur&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,30],"tags":[2430,2432,2434,510,2431,2433,283,284],"class_list":["post-800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestational-diabetes","category-hyperglycemia-in-pregnancy","tag-fetal-alcohol-syndrome","tag-health-issue-during-pregnancy","tag-maternal-bleeding","tag-postpartum-depression","tag-pregnancy-complication","tag-puerperal-disorder","tag-water-in-preganancy","tag-water-requirement"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/pexels-jonathan-borba-3279209-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/800","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=800"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/800\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8636,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/800\/revisions\/8636"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1892"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=800"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=800"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.diabetesasia.org\/magazine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=800"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}